I don't have articles or precentages but the reason that some women get a + eariler then others is simply because we are all different.
Our bodies are different and each pregnancy is different. You could get a + at 8 dpo for one pregnancy and not get one till 15 dpo for another.
I did find this site which says
"
HCG is detectable in the blood serum of approximately 5% of pregnant women by 8 days after conception, and in virtually all the rest by 11 days."
article about hcg levels
However, MANY women do not get a + untill after the 11 dpo so I don't know how valid the article is.
There is a "normal" range of hcg levels for each week of early pregnancy
3 weeks LMP: 5 - 50 mIU/ml
4 weeks LMP: 5 - 426 mIU/ml
5 weeks LMP: 18 - 7,340 mIU/ml
6 weeks LMP: 1,080 - 56,500 mIU/ml
7 - 8 weeks LMP: 7, 650 - 229,000 mIU/ml
9 - 12 weeks LMP: 25,700 - 288,000 mIU/ml
13 - 16 weeks LMP: 13,300 - 254,000 mIU/ml
17 - 24 weeks LMP: 4,060 - 165,400 mIU/ml
25 - 40 weeks LMP: 3,640 - 117,000 mIU/ml
Non-pregnant females: <5.0 mIU/ml
Postmenopausal females: <9.5 mIU/ml
So following this chart, at 4 weeks LMP (taking into concideration they assume you are O'ing on CD14) you would be
14 DPO. At this point, your HCG levels could range anywhere from 5 to 426 mIU.
Pregnancy tests range in sensitivity anywhere from 25 to 100 mIU.
So you could be pregnant with a low HCG of 15 mIU and no tests would pick it up.
You could be pregnant with an hcg level of 30 and one test will give you a positive but another will give you a negative because it doesn't pick up the HCG level until it has reached 75mIU.
All that said, even the "Normal" hcg levels are not set in stone. Many women have "off" levels and go on to have healthy pregnancies........